在雅思培訓(xùn)的十幾年中,聽到同學(xué)們最多的抱怨就是,雅思閱讀題怎么這么難?雅思閱讀題難,主要是歸結(jié)于這兩方面時(shí)間不夠和題型復(fù)雜。很多同學(xué)在做雅思閱讀的時(shí)候,往往會(huì)有這樣的心態(tài),追求做題速度而往往忽略題目的正確率,追求正確率反而時(shí)間不夠用。其實(shí)語法和詞匯量是雅思閱讀的基礎(chǔ),只要掌握了這兩點(diǎn),突破雅思閱讀高分的瓶頸也是易如反掌。
雅思考試的詞匯量大概是6000到8000個(gè)單詞。詞匯量就是考驗(yàn)同學(xué)們的記憶能力,每個(gè)學(xué)生應(yīng)該都有自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法,不過張老師還是要強(qiáng)調(diào)一下,大家最好選擇是以劍橋雅思真題上的單詞為詞匯源,一邊做題,一邊來記憶單詞,這樣做,學(xué)習(xí)效率也會(huì)得到很快的提高。
關(guān)于語法知識(shí),很多同學(xué)在做雅思真題的時(shí)候,看到長難句的時(shí)候都比較頭疼。其實(shí)長難句就是有多個(gè)簡單的句子組成,一定要學(xué)會(huì)拆句子。找到句子的核心句,然后再通過拆解句子的結(jié)構(gòu),從而來掌握句子的大意。那么接下來我們大家一起來看一下這道題。
(劍雅5 T1的第二篇文章)Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.
乍一看句子很長,拆分句子結(jié)構(gòu)后發(fā)現(xiàn)整段的主句是:the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures”而伴隨狀語是“surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.”張老師,這樣一講,大家是不是就覺得其實(shí)也很簡單。
雅思的閱讀題型主要分為選擇題、填空題、判斷題、list of headings和which paragraph contains the following information 。今天,張老師主要針對幾種題型跟大家好好講一下。
1、選擇題:
雅思的選擇題分為單選題和多選題。第一步就是有一個(gè)審題的過程,選擇題一般要迅速定位,只要在考題的同意之間替換,所以你必須迅速找到這個(gè)同義句的替換句子或者替換段落。同樣,一些排除法,對做選擇題也是有很大的幫助,尤其是在多項(xiàng)選擇題中能發(fā)揮很大的作用。聽了張老師的建議,那么大家來一起做下這道題。
例如:劍4Test1Passage3:
28. The writer was surprised because the blind woman
A. drew a circle on her own initiative.
B. did not understand what a wheel look like.
C. included a symbol representing movement.
D. was the first person to use lines of motion.
定位原文為:
From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning. To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle (Fig. 1). I was taken aback. Lines of motion, such as the one she used, are a very recent invention in the history of illustration. Indeed, as art scholar David Kunzle notes, Wilhelm Busch, a trend-setting nineteenth-century cartoonist, used virtually no motion lines in his popular figures until about 1877.
分析:A選項(xiàng)幾乎與原文一樣(… a blind woman….decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel), 但是往下讀會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),作者吃驚的原因并不是因?yàn)槊と藡D女自己畫了一個(gè)圈,而是因?yàn)闉榱孙@示這種運(yùn)動(dòng),她又在圈里面畫了一個(gè)曲線(to show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle)。正確選項(xiàng)C與原文形成同義轉(zhuǎn)換:included—traced, representing—show, movement—motion. 此方法對于基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱,對原文意思較難理解的同學(xué)比較適合,可以通過排除,提高正確選項(xiàng)的概率。
2、判斷題:
我們中國的英語閱讀題只有T和F之分,那是雅思閱讀題又多了一個(gè)NG,NG就是原文中沒有給出直接的相關(guān)答案,這也讓很多考生無從下手。T和F在文章的閱讀中都有直接的依據(jù),你很容易就能找到相應(yīng)的線索。雅思閱讀判斷題最大的特點(diǎn)就是是什么就是什么,沒有拐彎抹角的答案。在這里,張老師就給大家傳授一個(gè)小技巧,在做這道題的時(shí)候,你如果沒有把握,并且在文章中也沒有找到依據(jù)它是錯(cuò)誤的,可以直接選NG。那么接下來大家就一起做一做這一道題。
例如:Q: Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of
reasons.
原文: For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. (劍 5
Test 1, Q 27 )
在這個(gè)例子中,形容詞 pessimistic 因?yàn)橛蟹戳x詞 optimistic ,故這個(gè)詞就是本題的考點(diǎn)詞。與原文相對照,發(fā)現(xiàn)pessimistic 對應(yīng)的詞是 seems to be getting worse ,與原文一致,因此答案選 YES.
3、list of headings
這種題型在雅思閱讀中應(yīng)該屬于最難的題型了。一般段落標(biāo)記題都是按順序往下做的,你只需要找到第一題在文章中相對應(yīng)的段落,后面的難題也就問題不大了。list of headings需要從整體上把握每一個(gè)段落的意思,所以在閱讀文章之前,可以畫出段落中的關(guān)鍵詞,這就很容易為接下來的問題定位。一般答案都會(huì)出現(xiàn)在句首,當(dāng)然句子中出現(xiàn)however, but等轉(zhuǎn)折性詞語,答案一般也在轉(zhuǎn)折句之中。那么,大家可以一起來看一看這道題。
例如:Cambridge 8 Test 1 Passage 2 Air Traffic Control In The USA
List of Headings
i. Disobeying FAA regulations 違反FAA的規(guī)定
ii. Aviation disaster prompts action 空難促使行動(dòng)
iii. Two coincidental developments 二種巧合的發(fā)展
iv. Setting altitude zones 設(shè)定空中(海拔)區(qū)域
v. An oversimplified view 一種過于簡單的觀點(diǎn)
vi. Controlling pilots’ licences 控制宇航員的執(zhí)照
vii. Defining airspace categories 界定空中區(qū)域的類別
viii. Setting rules to weather conditions 根據(jù)天氣狀況設(shè)立規(guī)則
ix. Taking off safely 安全起飛
x. First steps towards ATC 航空交通管制的第一步
14. Paragraph A
Example
Paragraph B x
15. Paragraph C
16. Paragraph D
17. Paragraph E
18. Paragraph F
19. Paragraph G
本題中的Headings選項(xiàng)很短,選項(xiàng)中的每個(gè)詞基本都是重要的定位詞。建議大家把每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思讀透(參考翻譯見上文),這樣的話做后面題型的時(shí)候不至于把前面所劃的定位詞全給忘了。而上文中Paragraph B已經(jīng)選了x這個(gè)選項(xiàng),所以直接可以把該選項(xiàng)剔除掉。
4、which paragraph contains the following information
這類型題沒有按照文章的順序排列,會(huì)給很多學(xué)生帶來一些麻煩。這類題型一般很容易考查段落中的細(xì)節(jié),也可能會(huì)考查段落的大意。題目的答案與原文中部分的信息是匹配的,建議各位同學(xué)在遇到難做的題可以放在最后面做,充分了解整篇文章的大意以及思路以后,能夠迅速定位這道題的答題范圍。那么接下來咱們一起來看一下這道題。
比如:Q30: how AI could help deal with difficulties related to the amount of information available electronically F段的主題句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了AI的運(yùn)用:Another factor that may boost the prospects for AI in the near future is that investors are now looking for firms using clever technology, rather than just a clever business model, to differentiate themselves. 雖然主題句毫無疑問講出了該段的主旨大意,但對于在符合Q30的信息方面,還不能算到位。此時(shí)若能夠聯(lián)系上下文,借助緊隨其后的句子,問題便可迎刃而解。In particular, the problem of information overload, … 后面即列舉了一些information available electronically, 可知答案即本段 F.
以上就是張老師為大家解析這4大類閱讀題做題的要點(diǎn),希望各位同學(xué)在拿到卷子之前,先不要急著做題,觀察一下閱讀題的這些題型,按照先易后難的思路來做題,對于一些比較難的題不必在這上面浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間,可以先標(biāo)記下來,等所有的題答完之后再來好好閱讀這道題。重視各類題目的細(xì)節(jié),這是取得高分的關(guān)鍵。最后就是要祝愿各位考生能取得一個(gè)好的成績。