很多同學(xué)在雅思考試中都會(huì)有這樣的感受，明明句子中的單詞大部分我都認(rèn)識(shí)，可是就是很難翻譯成一句連貫的話，這就很容易弄錯(cuò)文章的整體意思，從而與正確答案失之交臂。其實(shí)有想雅思閱讀最重要的一個(gè)因素就是句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。今天張老師就要為大家大致講一下這個(gè)問題。
第一，了解句子的類型。
最常見的雅思閱讀段落中基本句型就是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。
簡(jiǎn)單句，大家應(yīng)該見得很多，句子，只有一種很簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。
比如：Tourists have chance to experience a completely different culture.旅游者有機(jī)會(huì)體驗(yàn)一種完全不同的文化。
并列句，就是整段話中有兩種或者兩種以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，并且他們之間屬于并列關(guān)系。
比如：Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders.(劍 6 Test 1 Passage 2)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話是由and連接的并列句，可以拆分為：
a. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world.
這句話主語(yǔ)是Foreign products，謂語(yǔ)是play，賓語(yǔ)是a role，第一個(gè)in引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)in引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾economy，from meat to machinery是插入語(yǔ)。
b. And foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders.
And并列連接詞，主語(yǔ)是foreign markets，謂語(yǔ)是tempt，賓語(yǔ)是businesses，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾businesses。
復(fù)合句，這類句子就是我們常說的主語(yǔ)從句。這類句子一般有，兩種或兩種以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但是它們之間屬于從屬關(guān)系。
比如：(1) That 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中不做成分
That everyone may receive at least a moderate education is significant.
That education plays a vital role in all walks of life is clear
That advertisements are predominant in our day-to-day lives is obvious
(2)Whether 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。
Whether you can succeed in making your dream come true depends on hard work more than lick.
Whether technology is a blessing or a curse is discussed heatedly by people
Whether computers can replace the role of teachers has long been a hot topic
(3)Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。
Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps
Whoever dares wins .
Whoever seeks obtains.
Whoever suffers gets.
(4)Which 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
Which way you turn is up to you
Which book you read is your decision
(5)What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。
What's done can't be undone .
What we do willingly is easy.
(6) Whatever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)
Whatever is at the center of our life will be the source of our wisdom and power.
Whatever you love and trust in this world loves you in return.
(7)Where 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。
Where we love is home
(8)How 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。
How you think and act will influence your life .
(9) when引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。
When the sun is dining is the best time to repair the roof .
When you can make it depends on your efforts.
(10)Why 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。
Why so many people prefer to live in the city beyond me .
Why dinosaurs became extinct has long been a mystery to scientists and researchers.第二，清楚句子變長(zhǎng)的原因。
很多同學(xué)在做題的時(shí)候都會(huì)遇到長(zhǎng)難句，坐著坐著就開始犯迷糊了，好不容易看到了結(jié)尾，這之前，句子中的信息也忘得一干二凈，又不得不用趕回去重新閱讀，這很容易浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。接下來讓我們看一下這段話：
There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
分析有插入語(yǔ)(however)的長(zhǎng)難句時(shí)，我們首先把插入語(yǔ)去掉或提前。然后我們可以看出句子真正的主干部分，是在no doubt后連接的從句中，而這個(gè)從句中有一個(gè)同學(xué)們?cè)谧x文章時(shí)不易識(shí)別的結(jié)構(gòu)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句(it is … that), 看出這個(gè)，那么這句話的主干就不難找出了，是the increasing number of applicants has led to the importance of the curriculum vitae, 即不斷增加的申請(qǐng)人數(shù)使簡(jiǎn)歷變得重要�？赐曛鞲珊�，緊接著看剩下的短語(yǔ)，我們看到applicants后面緊跟著with university education, 限定了applicants的條件，即具有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的申請(qǐng)者，再加上一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)的限制in the process of engaging staff, 即在員工錄入的過程中，通過這樣一系列的步驟后，整句話的意思就很清晰了。
通過這樣的分析下來，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子中其實(shí)嵌入了很多附屬成分比如說狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。我們可以根據(jù)這樣的，規(guī)律，在讀長(zhǎng)句的時(shí)候，先找出句子中主干，然后再加上這些修飾句子的這部分，那我們也將會(huì)很輕松的理解到句子的含義。
三、想多看一些不常見的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
1倒裝句
Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：第二個(gè)分句由于把only放在句首以強(qiáng)調(diào)recently，所以使用了倒裝語(yǔ)序。主句的正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為literature has only recently focused on the role of a father.
2強(qiáng)調(diào)句
Similarly, noise did not affect a subject's ability to track a movie line with a steering wheel, but it did interfere with the subject's ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Frankel and Glass,1970). (C7T4P3)
這里的第二個(gè)did放在 interfere這個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，do可以有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的方法有很多，除了do之外，我們還可以借助一些副詞，形容詞, 反身代詞， 如really, very, myself, extremely，詞組in no way, by no means。
其實(shí)大部分同學(xué)備考雅思的時(shí)候，都會(huì)感覺自身的詞匯量不足，就想著多背背單詞，就可以得雅思高分，這種想法往往是很片面的。你連句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)都搞不清楚，那還怎么把這些詞語(yǔ)組成一句通順的語(yǔ)句，更不用來說把句子了解的透透徹徹。對(duì)考雅思不僅要考你的詞匯量，更重要的是看你對(duì)句子了解的到底有多少，分析能力變強(qiáng)了，雅思閱讀的難題也就迎刃而解了。有什么不懂的問題可以在下方評(píng)論區(qū)給我留言，我會(huì)及時(shí)為大家解惑。
