初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)資料
【知識(shí)梳理】
I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. Sit down
2. on duty
3. in English
4. have a seat
5. at home
6. look like
7. look at
8. have a look
9. come on
10. at work
11. at school
12. put on
13. look after
14. get up
15. go shopping
II. 重要句型
1. help sb. do sth.
2. What about…?
3. Let’s do sth.
4. It’s time to do sth.
5. It’s time for …
6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…
7. Where is…? It’s….
8. How old are you? I’m….
9. What class are you in? I’m in….
10. Welcome to….
11. What’s …plus…? It’s….
12. I think…
13. Who’s this? This is….
14. What can you see? I can see….
15. There is (are) ….
16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…
17. Whose …is this? It’s….
18. What time is it? It’s….
III. 交際用語(yǔ)
1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….
2. Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?
5. See you. See you later.
6. Thank you! You’re welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye!
8. What’s your name? My name is ….
9. Here you are. This way, please.
10. Who’s on duty today?
11. Let’s do.
12. Let me see.
IV. 重要語(yǔ)法
1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法;
2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法;
3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法;
4. 冠詞的基本用法;
5. There be句型的用法。
【名師講解】
1. in/on
在表示空間位置時(shí),in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi),on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如:
There is a bird in the tree. 樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。
There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。
2. this/that/these/those
(1)this常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事,those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子,我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。
I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車(chē),不是那一輛。
Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書(shū)拿到他房間去。
This is mine; that’s yours. 這個(gè)是我的,那個(gè)是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋(píng)果,那些是橘子。
(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如:
This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)?
3. There be/ have
There be "有",其確切含意為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ),be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致,be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如:
(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂(lè)。
(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。
(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹(shù)上有許多蘋(píng)果。
總之,There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有,占有,具有",即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞,與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如:
(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟,一個(gè)姐姐。
(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look 表示“看、瞧”,著重指認(rèn)真看,強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作,表示有意識(shí)地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒對(duì)方注意。,如:
Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。
Look! What’s that over there? 看!那邊那個(gè)是什么?
單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞,如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物,其后接介詞at,才能帶賓語(yǔ),如:
He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。
(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,意思是“看到”,see是及物動(dòng)詞,后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如:
What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么?
Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?
(3)watch“觀看,注視”,側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面,表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程,常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如:
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。
4. put on/ / in
put on意為“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。
in 是介詞,表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如:
It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣。
He puts on his hat and goes out.? 他戴上帽子,走了出去。
The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。
5. house/ home/family
house :“房子”,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”,指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“,“家庭成員”。例如:
Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。
He is not at home. 他不在家。
My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?/font>
6. fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意,但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ),而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于:
(1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)",形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康",也
可以用來(lái)指"天氣晴朗"。例如:
Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。
Thats a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。
(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表,有"美好","漂亮"的意思,也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如:
Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。
Itm very well, thanks. 我身體很好,謝謝。
My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。
初一年級(jí)(下)
【知識(shí)梳理】
I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. a bottle of
2. a little
3. a lot (of)
4. all day
5. be from
6. be over
7. come back
8. come from
9. do one’s homework
10. do the shopping
11. get down
12. get home
13. get to
14. get up
15. go shopping
16. have a drink of
17. have a look
18. have breakfast
19. have lunch
20. have supper
21. listen to
22. not…at all
23. put…away
24. take off
25. throw it like that
26. would like
27. in the middle of the day
28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening
29. on a farm
30. in a factory
II. 重要句型
1. Let sb. do sth.
2. Could sb. do sth.?
3. would like sth.
4. would like to do sth.
5. What about something to eat?
6. How do you spell …?
7. May I borrow…?
III. 交際用語(yǔ)
1. —Thanks very much!
—Yous wrong?
4. I think so.
I dons your favourite sport?
10. Dons right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
15. We / They have some CDs.
We / They don’t have any CDs.
16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?
---It’s Monday.
17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?
---Certainly. Here you are.
18. –where are you from?
---From Beijing.
19. Whatt. ( I dons right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
That’s right意為“對(duì)的”,表示贊同對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為,肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如:
"I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。"
"Thatre right.""說(shuō)得對(duì)"。
That’s all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒(méi)關(guān)系”,用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如:
"Many thanks." "Thats broken." "Thatt any water in the glass.
(2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中,或在表示請(qǐng)求,邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中,我們依然用some。如:
Would you like some tea?
9. tall/ high
(1)說(shuō)人,動(dòng)物,樹(shù)木等有生命的東西,主要用tall,不用high,例如
a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女
a tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬
(2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí),要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上時(shí),飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí),例如:
He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹(shù)上。
The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。
(3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以,不過(guò)high的程度比tall高。
(4)high可作副詞,tall不能。
(5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.
10. can/ could
(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力,或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的"能力
"。例如:
Can you ride a bike? 你會(huì)騎自行車(chē)嗎?
What can I do for you? 要幫忙嗎?
Can you make a cake?你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎?
(2) can用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的"懷疑""猜測(cè)"或不肯定。例如:
Where can he be?他會(huì)在什么地方呢?
Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?
It surely canclock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?
You canve just had lunch.湯姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過(guò)午飯。
What can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思?
在日常會(huì)話中,can可代替may表示"允許",may比較正式。例如:
You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。
--- Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎?
--- Of course,you can.當(dāng)然可以。
You can have my seat,Im bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)畫(huà),但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。
16. each/ every
each 和every都有"每一個(gè)"的意思,但含義和用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼,every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。
We each have a new book.
我們每人各有一本新書(shū)。
There are trees on each side of the street.
街的兩旁有樹(shù)。
He gets up early every morning.
每天早晨他都起得早。
each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞;every只能用作形容詞。
Each of them has his own duty.
他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。
They each want to do something different.
他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。
17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示說(shuō)話者的能力,還有自然現(xiàn)象;而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing)。
I do my homework in the evening.
我在晚上做作業(yè)。
I'm doing my homework now.
我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用;而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。
We often clean the classroom after school.
我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。
Look! They are cleaning the classroom .
看!他們正在打掃教室呢。